限制與訴求
重慶約克北郡幼兒園位于兩江新區(qū)約克郡北區(qū)，用地南隔城市道路與已建高層住宅區(qū)相鄰，北側、東側為在建住宅區(qū)，西側為城市公園，基地內(nèi)部相對平坦，高差不大。項目為9班幼兒園，用地面積3330㎡，總建筑面積2701㎡，項目的用地面積相對其班級規(guī)模而言較為局促，對幼兒園而言，擁有一個愉悅的空間場所是必要的，如何在有限的用地條件下創(chuàng)造一個安全、健康、充滿關懷且富有童趣的教育空間是建筑師需要面對的基本問題。
The project is a kindergarten situated at Yorkville North, a residential compound developed by Hongkong Land in Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, China. It was built on a smooth and level site, near an urban road and built residential high rises to the south, a green park to the west, and residential blocks under construction to the north and east. With a land area of 3,330 m2 and construction area of 2,701 m2, it will accommodate 9 classes. The site is relatively cramped from the perspective of the quantity of classes. For a kindergarten, providing a pleasant space and environment is very necessary, so the key issue that IDO had to think about was how to create a safe, healthy, human-oriented and playful educational space on the limited site.
△ 建筑外觀 攝影：DID STUDIO
△ 建筑與周邊 攝影：DID STUDIO& 尚筑科技
本項目為社區(qū)配套型幼兒園，屬于教育地產(chǎn)與名校合作辦學的公辦民投模式。項目伊始，除了與業(yè)主單位達成良好的溝通，與園方的交流也頗為重要，建筑師希望從幼兒園一線教育工作者那得到其基本訴求，并將其教學理念作為空間設計的依據(jù)。
園方提出了“愛與樂趣”的開放式教學理念，包含三點：會呼吸（綠色自然）、面向未來（探索精神）、無限可能（個性發(fā)展），園方不希望幼兒生長在溫室里，希望他們能感受到自然的氛圍與溫度。
結合用地具體情況與園方的教育理念，建筑師提出了“村落”的概念，希望該幼兒園建成后能成為一個孩子們可以自由探索的“城市村落”。
This project, as a supporting facility for the residential community, will be operated under the collaboration between the property developer and a prestigious school. It's a public kindergarten that welcomes private sponsorship. Therefore, it's very important to keep close communication with the property developer as well as the kindergarten team at the early design phase. The architects wanted to listen to the requests of the kindergarten and work on the design based on its teaching concept. The kindergarten adheres to an open teaching concept of “love and fun” which emphasizes embrace of nature, personality development and cultivation of exploration spirit, and hopes that children will feel and touch nature rather than grow up in a “greenhouse”. Combining this with site conditions, the architects proposed to create an “urban-village” where kids can explore freely.
△ 建筑西立面+材質分布圖 攝影：DID STUDIO& 尚筑科技
概念與空間
這是一個垂直布置的“村落”，小朋友可以在不同標高上感受村落的情景，建筑空間與活動場地的疊加設計亦化解了用地局促的矛盾，促成了各個單元體之間的分離，形成了“鄰里關系”，考慮到西側城市公園的景觀資源優(yōu)勢，主體建筑最終呈現(xiàn)為U型院落布局，班級作為獨立體塊疊合布置，體塊之間留出縫隙，使其保持 “自由呼吸”之狀態(tài)。
建筑師希望每個班級都能形成一個“家”的概念，每個生活教學用房就是一個獨特抽象的小房子，希望小朋友在園中能建立歸屬感：各個班級不僅在形體上是相對獨立的，同時在材質上也是各不相同，使每個班級單元更個性化，具有一定的可識別性。
The "village" features a vertical layout, allowing kids to enjoy distinctive views at different elevations. The superposition of architectural blocks and activity spaces perfectly overcame the site restrictions, realized the separation of unit blocks, and formed a "neighborly relationship". In order to take advantage of the surrounding landscape resources, the overall building was given a U-shaped courtyard-style layout, facing a park to the west. Each classroom is an independent volume, which overlaps another one while leaving gaps in between to ensure natural ventilation. The architects wished to make every unique and abstract classroom a “home” for children in which they can build a sense of belonging. Independent of each other in shapes, the classrooms also differ in material palettes, so that each one is more personalized and identifiable.
△ 建筑南立面 攝影：DID STUDIO
△ 前院與建筑 攝影：DID STUDIO& 尚筑科技
空間設計趣味性：激發(fā)幼兒探索
多樣化的教學課程是為了激發(fā)兒童的想象力與創(chuàng)造力，同時也對空間設計提出了更多的要求。除了設置常規(guī)的兒童生活單元、音體室、醫(yī)護區(qū)、合班教室等滿足基本教學需求的空間，建筑師還設置了更多的開放式教學空間：
如在二層設置架空層活動平臺、設置小舞臺使其成為前后院的“視覺焦點”，結合中心庭院設計了大臺階看臺空間、并設置了供小朋友玩耍的樹屋、滑梯及斜面攀巖區(qū)等活動場所；充分利用一、二層的建筑屋面作為室外拓展活動場地；班級與班級之間的縫隙同樣也形成為了小朋友下課玩耍的趣味空間，大量多功能趣味空間的設置，為兒童自發(fā)游戲及情境教學提供了開放性場所之可能。
設計上試圖提高音體室空間的使用效率，結合場地環(huán)境，打通了音體室南北兩個界面，使其成為開放通透的多功能復合空間的可能：封閉時可作為獨立的教學空間使用，開放時可結合南北兩側庭院成為多功能的教學場所。
With a view to inspiring children's imagination and creativity, the kindergarten developed diversified curricula, which set more requirements to space arrangement. Apart from the spaces meeting basic teaching needs, such as children's living unit, music & sports room, infirmary, and mixed-class teaching room, the architects also designed a variety of open spaces for educational activities. For instance, they created an open floor space on 2F, and designed a small stage, making it a "visual focus" when viewing from the front and back yards. Around the central courtyard, there is a large staircase-shaped bleacher and activity areas where the kids can enjoy playing including a room with a tree, a slide and a sloped climbing area, etc. Besides, the architects fully utilized the roofs of 1F and 2F and turned them into outdoor activity areas. Moreover, the gaps between classrooms also offer spaces for kids to play after class. Various multifunctional open areas are helpful to stimulate children's spontaneous activities and carry out situational teaching. To maximize the use of the music & sports room and based on site conditions, the architects opened up its interfaces on the south and north sides, making it an open and transparent multifunctional space. If closed, it can be an independent teaching room, while it becomes a larger versatile area when opened, well blending with the yards.
△大臺階與建筑中庭 攝影：DID STUDIO& 尚筑科技
△屋頂看臺看向中庭 攝影：DID STUDIO& 尚筑科技
基本教學單元
與園方多次交流溝通，最終基本教學單元的平面布置采用活動室與臥室一體化設計的模式，洗手間、衣帽間以及靠山墻一側的床位收納空間共同行了“服務空間體系”。
除了服務空間體系里設置了固定家具及收納空間，平面內(nèi)未設置其他固定家具，希望獲得更為自由的活動空間，教師可根據(jù)不同的活動情境，靈活布置家具。
園長說：“希望通過家具的布置過程，慢慢培養(yǎng)小朋友的生活習慣，讓他們（大班和中班）逐步學會自己整理生活及學習工具。”核心單元靠近山墻一側設置了900mm高的閱讀臺，豐富了室內(nèi)豎向空間的層次，架空部分也成為了床位的收納空間。
After full communication with the kindergarten team, the architects decided the layout for each basic teaching unit, which integrates the activity room and bedroom. The washroom, cloakroom and bed storage area beside the gable wall together constitute the "service space system". Fixed furniture and storage area were only set in those service spaces, which guarantees a more free activity area and also enables teachers to arrange furniture according to the needs of different activity scenarios flexibly. "We hope to gradually cultivate the kids' living habits and guide them to learn to tidy up their living and learning tools through participating in the process of furniture arrangement", the principal said. In each basic teaching unit, a 0.9m-high reading desk was placed adjacent to the gable wall, with the empty area under it used for storing beds. Combined with bay windows carved out on the architectural facade, the architects created many windows of various heights in the interior space based on kids' body size, so as to encourage them to observe the outside courtyard at different angles.
△小舞臺看向中庭 攝影：DID STUDIO& 尚筑科技
△小舞臺內(nèi)部 攝影：DID STUDIO& 尚筑科技
材料表達
每個班級都是一個“家”，每個家都擁有自己的個性，小朋友們從小對自己的教室形成“家”的歸屬感——“我是住在木頭房子里的，你是住在磚房子里的”，每個體量均擁有獨特的材質。
在立面系統(tǒng)上建筑師嘗試使用了不同的材質：陶板、紅磚、青磚、仿木材料、水泥纖維板、聚碳酸酯板。通過使用聚碳酸酯板，探討半透明材料在幼兒園教育空間中的氛圍營造可能性，使其在陽光下體現(xiàn)出多彩的韻律。
在屋面系統(tǒng)上建筑師則運用了鋁鎂錳板金屬屋面系統(tǒng)，較為單純的屋面統(tǒng)一了多彩的立面系統(tǒng)，制造出了“雪景”的幻像。
Every classroom is a "home" which has its own characteristics. IDO intended to let the kids to build a sense of belonging in their respective classrooms, which were built with distinctive materials such as wood and bricks. Each volume features a unique material palette. The architects applied various materials to the exteriors, including terracotta panels, red and gray bricks, faux wood, cement fiber boards, and polycarbonate sheets, etc. By utilizing polycarbonate sheets, they worked to explore the possibility of creating spatial ambience via translucent materials, which present colorful rhythm under the sunshine. The roofs were finished with Al-Mg-Mn alloy in a unified way, which not only coordinates with the colorful facade but also creates an illusionary "snow-covered" landscape.
△門廳及金屬屋面 攝影：DID STUDIO
結合建筑外立面不同尺寸的凸窗，根據(jù)幼兒的身體尺度，在室內(nèi)設置了高低不同的觀察窗口，激發(fā)小朋友以不同的視角去觀察室外庭院空間。
△ 屋面關系 攝影：DID STUDIO
完成度的控制
該項目于2016年5月開始設計，元象建筑不僅完成了建筑方案設計、室內(nèi)概念設計及景觀概念設計，同時作為設計全程的總控方，兩年半以來深度參與了對建筑施工圖設計、幕墻施工圖設計、景觀深化設計以及室內(nèi)深化設計的全過程設計品控，在深化設計中對細節(jié)及材料謹慎把控、施工期間完成現(xiàn)場巡場指導數(shù)十次，確保了設計概念最終得以較高完成度的呈現(xiàn)。
目前，該項目建筑部分已竣工驗收，等待景觀及室內(nèi)設計的施工。由于項目暫時還處于半工地狀態(tài)，為了更完整地表達建筑概念，文中部分圖片采用建筑現(xiàn)場照片與景觀效果圖“實景合成”的方式呈現(xiàn)。
The project was launched in May 2016. IDO was responsible for the architectural design scheme development and overall quality control. Within two and a half years, the team was deeply engaged in quality management of the whole design process, including the design of architectural construction drawings, exterior construction drawings, the landscape and interiors. Besides, IDO was meticulous in material selection and has carried out on-site inspections for dozens of times during the architectural construction phase, thereby optimized the execution and realization of design solutions. So far, the acceptance procedure of the architecture was finished, and interior and landscape construction is yet to be started. Since the whole project is not completely finished, some images provided are composite ones that were made from both landscape renderings andgenuine photos of the architecture and site.
項目名稱：重慶約克北郡幼兒園
項目地址：重慶市兩江新區(qū)怡和路約克北郡
設計單位：IDO元象建筑
建筑設計：陳俊、蘇云鋒、宗德新、李劍、柴克非
建筑施工圖單位：重慶市設計院
建筑：鄧洪波、馬曉婧、胡瓏鏵 總圖：賴韜
結構：朱海超、徐向茜 給排水：藍鵬 電氣：胡軼，暖通：吳志勇
幕墻施工圖單位：中機中聯(lián)工程有限公司
幕墻設計：熊聯(lián)波、嚴政、趙宇、陳青術
業(yè)主單位：香港置地
管理團隊：鄭海川、湯照暉、劉穎
建成狀態(tài)：建筑竣工，景觀、室內(nèi)待施工
設計時間：2016.05-2017.9
建造時間：2017.04-2018.10
建筑面積：2701㎡
用地面積：3330㎡
景觀設計單位：道遠景觀
景觀設計：周雪梅、陳文龍、莫貽海
室內(nèi)設計單位：一夕幼兒園設計研究室
室內(nèi)設計：焦樵、陳諾、金慶錦、謝國飛
攝影：DID STUDIO
效果圖：尚筑科技
實景合成：DID STUDIO + 尚筑科技
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